Hutachiona hwakabvepi?
Pakutanga, zvimwe kubva pabako rakazara nechuru kumaruwa China; mitezo inoshanda sedziviriro pazvirwere zvakawanda zvine njodzi. Utachiona hweWuhan ikoronavirus, yerudzi rwusati rwambozivikanwa: saka, zita raro, 2019-nCoV (2019 novel coronavirus). Kukurumidza kujairika genetic kwakaratidza kuti inogoverana makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe eiyo genome yekoronavirus inotorwa nematsotsi. Zvinotova chokwadi kuti denda revanhu rakatanga paHuanari "musika wemvura" muguta reWuhan. Hafu yevakatanga kubatwa yakabatana nemusika uyu, apo mhuka dzakawanda dzesango dzaitengeswa chikafu uye mishonga. Kunyangwe amalibhu anodyiwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeChina, mune iyi kesi, hutachiona hunogona kupfuura kupfuura chimwe chisikwa - pamwe inyoka, porcupine kana bamboo rat, asi zvakanyanya mukana, sungura kana shiri.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi coronaviruses?
Iboka rehutachiona hwakawanikwa muma1950s, izvo zvinokonzera chirwere mumakungu neshiri. Ivo vanowana zita ravo nekuti vane hutachiona spikes pane yavo pamusoro akafanana akafanana korona, kana corona. Ndizvimwe zvezvikonzero zvikuru zvekumusoro kwekufema mukati mezvirwere muvanhu, kazhinji muchimiro chechinhu chakajairika, asi dzimwe nguva mune mafomu ane njodzi zvakanyanya, akadai seakanyanya acute kupumha chirwere (Sars), chakatanga muChina muna 2003, uye Middle East yokufema chirwere (Mers), yakatanga kuonwa muSaudi Arabia muna 2013. Vaviri vane hukama zvakanyanya ne1999-nCoV, uye zvakare vanobva mumabhagi, kunyangwe vaviri vachiwana vanhu kuburikidza, zvichiteedzana, katsi dzemakitsi uye ngamera (Mers inozivikanwa se "ngamera" flu ”). Aya mavhairasi anonyanya kuve nengozi kana achinge atendeuka kuti agone kupararira kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Muviri hauna zvakasarudzika immune immune mavhairasi; hakuna zvakare vaccin, uye hapana chaiyo kurapwa.
Chii chinonzi 2019-nCoV inoita kumuviri?
Kuongororwa muThe Lancet kwemakiriniki maitiro evarwere vechipatara makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe (i.e. zviitiko zvakakomba) kuWuhan kwakaratidza kuti kwakapfuura 80% vaive nefivha uye kukosora; 30% yaive nepfupi yekufema. Matatu matatu akange aine pneumonia yechipiri, kuzvimba kwakanyanya mumapapu ese. Kurwiswa pamapapu ndiko kunoita kukuvadzwa: 17% yevarwere vakagadzika acute kupumha kusagadzikana syndrome, uye 11% yevane 99 vakafa nekuda kwekutadza kwemuviri nhengo. Utachiona hwacho hunoratidzika kunge hwakanyanya kubata varume vakuru vane mamiriro aripo ekurapa. Kunyangwe zvichinetsa kuve nechokwadi namanje, huwandu hwerufu rwakazara - kusanganisira varwere vasina kuchipatara - vanoita sevakaderera, panosvika 2%: Sars ine huwandu hwekufa kwe9,6%; Mers of around 34% (mwaka mwaka furu inenge 0,13%, Spanish flu yaive 10-20%, Ebola ndeye 50%). Asi huwandu hwekufa hunongova humwe hwezvinhu zvinomiririra kuti kubuda kwacho kuchange kwakaipa sei.
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu?
Nehutsinye, kuti inopesana sei. Masayendisiti anotonga izvi nevanhu vangani, paavhareji, mumwe nemumwe ane hutachiwana anozvipfuudzira kune - huwandu hwayo hwekuzvara. Kufungidzira kwekutanga kunoratidza kuti nhamba ye1999-nCoV yakafanana neyeSars - pakati pe1.5 ne2,5 - uye kuti inopararira nenzira imwecheteyo, kunyanya kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema anoburitswa kana munhu ane hutachiona achirwara kana kutsvedza. Nekudaro, yakatobata huwandu hwakakura kudarika Sars, pamwe nekuti - kusafanana naSars, chirwere chine hukasha - kazhinji kacho zvakaoma kuona: vazhinji vanorwara vane zviratidzo zvinotonhora senge zvinoita chando. Iyo ine refu incubation nguva, inosvika mazuva gumi nemana, iyo yakawedzera kupararira kwenzvimbo. Vakuru veChinese vaitenda kuti vanhu vanogona kutoparadzira hutachiona vasati vava nezviratidzo, asi ongororo dzichangobva kuitika dzinoratidza kuti izvi hazvisizvo.
Hutachiona hungamiswa sei?
Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pechirwere ichi chaiitika mukati memaawa mazhinji kubva kuzviremera zveChinese vachigovana genetic code yakatenderedza pasirese. Mukumuka kwehutachiona hweEbola, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (Cepi) yakaiswa kuti ikurumidze kugadzirwa kwekudzivirira, uye iri kupa mari yekuchera matatu akasiyana. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, izvi zvinotora kanenge mwedzi mitanhatu. Panguva ino, tariro huru iripo pakucherekedza vanhu vane hutachiwana uye kuvasarudzika vasati vatapurira vamwe, pamwe ne "kusangana nekutsvaga": kuwana munhu wese wavangatapukire. Aya ndiwo maitiro akaita chirwere cheSars cha2003. Nekudaro, kunyangwe kuChina kuiswa kwekugadziriswa kwega kwega kuWuhan, chirwere ichi chinoita kunge chiri kupararira, zvimwe nekuti guta remamiriyoni gumi nemana rakabatana chaizvo: ndeimwe yemigwagwa mikuru yeChina, neye airport huru yepasi rose.
Nei China iri panjodzi nehutachiona hwakadai?
Nekuda kwehukuru uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwayo, uye kusangana kwavo kwepedyo nemhuka dzinobata hutachiona. Anosvika makumi matanhatu muzana muzana ezvirwere zvinotapukira zvinonzi zvakapoteredzwa pasirese zviri zoonotic: zvinopihwa vanhu nemhuka, uye kuwanda kwekutapurirana kwakadaro kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza. Misika yeChina yakanyorova inopa mukana wakajeka weiyo "kuchinjaniswa kwehutachiona", asi chikamu chehurongwa hwenyika.
