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የሃንሃን ውጥረት


ኮሮናቫይረስ አሁን ከቻይና ወደ ቢያንስ 25 አገሮች ተሰራጭቷል ፡፡ ምን ያህል መጨነቅ አለብን?

ቫይረሱ የመጣው ከየት ነው?
በመጀመሪያ ፣ ምናልባትም በገጠር-ቻይን የገጠር ዋሻ ፣ የሌሊት ወፎች ለብዙ አደገኛ በሽታዎች እንደ ገንዳ ሆነው ያገለግላሉ። የሃንሃን ቫይረስ ከዚህ በፊት ያልታወቀ ዓይነት ኮሮናቫይረስ ነው ፣ ስለሆነም ስሙ ፣ 2019 - nCoV (2019 novel coronavirus)። ፈጣን የዘረ-መል (ጅን) ቅደም ተከተል ከታይታቶች ከሚመጡት የኮሮናቫይረስ ጂኖም 96% ድርሻውን ያሳያል ፡፡ በሰዎች መካከል የበሽታው ወረርሽኝ የተጀመረው በሃንሃን ከተማ በሃንሃን “እርጥብ ገበያ” ላይ መሆኑ የተረጋገጠ ነው ፡፡ የመጀመሪያዎቹ ሰለባዎች ግማሾቹ ለምግብ እና ለመድኃኒት ዓላማ በሚሸጡበት በዚህ ገበያ ውስጥ ተገናኝተዋል ፡፡ ምንም እንኳን በአንዳንድ የቻይና አካባቢዎች የሌሊት ወፎች ቢመገቡም ፣ በዚህ ሁኔታ ቫይረሱ ምናልባት በሌላ የዱር ፍጡር ውስጥ አል --ል - ምናልባትም አንድ እባብ ፣ ገንፎ ወይም የቀርከሃ አይጥ ፣ ግን ምናልባትም ፣ ጥንቸል ወይም ወፍ ፡፡

ኮሮናቪርስስ በትክክል ምንድን ናቸው?
አጥቢ እንስሳት እና ወፎች ውስጥ በሽታ አምጥተው በ 1950 ዎቹ ውስጥ ቫይረሶች ተገኝተዋል ፡፡ ስማቸው የሚያገኙት አክሊል ወይም ኮሮና የሚመስሉ በፊታቸው ላይ የቫይረስ ነጠብጣቦች ስላሏቸው ነው። እነሱ በሰው ልጆች ውስጥ የላይኛው የመተንፈሻ አካላት ኢንፌክሽኖች ዋና መንስኤዎች ፣ በተለይም በተለመደው ጉንፋን ፣ ነገር ግን አንዳንድ ጊዜ በጣም አደገኛ በሆኑት እንደ ከባድ አጣዳፊ የመተንፈሻ አካላት ሲንድሮም (ሳሪስ) ያሉ ፣ በ 2003 በቻይና የተከሰቱት እና የመካከለኛው ምስራቅ የመተንፈሻ አካላት ሲንድሮም (ሜርስ) በ 2013 በሳዑዲ አረቢያ ውስጥ ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የታየው ፡፡ ሁለቱም ከ 2019 - nCoV ጋር በቅርብ የተዛመዱ ሲሆኑ በድመቶችም የሚመነጩ ናቸው ፣ ምንም እንኳን ሁለቱም በቅደም ተከተል ፣ በኬቲ ድመቶች እና ግመሎች ላይ ቢሆኑም (ሜዘር በመባል ይታወቃል) “ግመል ጉንፋን ”)። እነዚህ ቫይረሶች ከሰው ወደ ሰው ሊተላለፉ በሚውጡበት ጊዜ በተለይ አደገኛ ናቸው ፡፡ ልብ ወለድ ቫይረሶችን ለሰውነት ተፈጥሯዊ የበሽታ መከላከያ የለውም ፡፡ እንዲሁም ምንም ክትባቶች ፣ እና ምንም ልዩ ህክምናዎች የሉም።

2019-nCoV በሰውነት ላይ ምን ያደርጋል?
በሃንሃን ውስጥ በ 99 የሆስፒታሎች ህመምተኞች (ማለትም ከባድ ጉዳቶች) ክሊኒኮች ላይ ላሊኬት ላይ የተደረገ ጥናት እንዳመለከተው 80% የሚሆነው ትኩሳትና ጉንፋን ነበረው ፡፡ 30% የሚሆነው የትንፋሽ እጥረት ነበረው። የሶስት ማእከል በሁለትዮሽ የሳንባ ምች ነበረው ፣ በሁለቱም ሳንባዎች ውስጥ ከባድ ቁስል ነበረው። በሳንባዎች ላይ የሚደርሰው ጥቃት ጉዳቱ የሚያስከትለው ነው-17% የሚሆኑት ታካሚዎች አጣዳፊ የመተንፈሻ አካላት ህመም ሲንድሮም ፣ እና ከ 99 ዎቹ 11% የሚሆኑት በበርካታ የአካል ብልቶች ሳቢያ ሞተዋል ፡፡ ቫይረሱ አሁን ባለው የጤና ችግር ያለባቸውን አዛውንቶች በተለይ የሚጎዳ ይመስላል። እርግጠኛ ለመሆን ከባድ ቢሆንም ፣ አጠቃላይ የሞት ምጣኔ - ሆስፒታል ያልታከሙትን በሽተኞች ጨምሮ ፣ በአንጻራዊ ሁኔታ ሲታይ ዝቅተኛ 2% ይመስላል ፣ ሳሪስ የ 9.6% ሞት አለው ፡፡ 34% የሚሆኑት ሜርኩሮች (የወቅቱ ፍሉ 0.13% ያህል ነው ፣ የስፔን ፍሉ 10-20% ፣ ኢቦላ 50% ነው) ፡፡ ነገር ግን የሞት ምጣኔው መጠን የበሽታው ወረርሽኝ ምን ያህል መጥፎ ነው ከሚሉ ምክንያቶች አንዱ ብቻ ነው ፡፡

ሌሎች ምክንያቶች ምንድናቸው?
በጣም አስፈላጊ ፣ እንዴት ተላላፊ ነው። የሳይንስ ሊቃውንት እያንዳንዱን ሰው በአማካይ እያንዳንዱ በበሽታው የተያዘው ሰው በሚተላለፍበት ጊዜ - የመራባት ቁጥሩ በሚፈቅደው መጠን ይፈርዳል። የቅድመ ግምት ግምቶች እንደሚጠቁሙት የ 2019 - የ ‹ካዎቪ ቁጥር› ከሳሮች ጋር ተመሳሳይ ነው - በ 1.5 እና በ 2.5 መካከል - በተመሳሳይ መልኩም የሚተላለፈው በበሽታው የተያዘ ሰው ሲያስነጥስ ወይም ሲያስነጭ ነው ፡፡ ሆኖም ፣ እሱ ከሳሮች በጣም የበዛ ቁጥር በበሽታው የመጠቃት ደረጃ ላይ ደርሶ ሊሆን ይችላል ፣ ምናልባትም ከሳሮች በተቃራኒ ፣ በጣም አሰቃቂ በሽታ - ብዙውን ጊዜ መለየት ከባድ ነው-አብዛኛዎቹ ህመምተኞች መለስተኛ ቀዝቃዛ-የመሰለ ምልክቶች አላቸው ፡፡ የጂኦግራፊያዊ ስርጭቱን እንዲጨምር ያደረገው እስከ 14 ቀናት ድረስ ረዥም የመታቀፊያ ጊዜ አለው። የቻይና ባለሥልጣናት ሰዎች የበሽታ ምልክቶች ከመታየታቸው በፊት እንኳን ቫይረሱን ማሰራጨት እንደሚችሉ ያምናሉ ፣ ነገር ግን የቅርብ ጊዜ ምርምር እንደሚያመለክተው ይህ አይደለም ፡፡

ቫይረሱ እንዴት ሊቆም ይችላል?
በዓለም ዙሪያ የቻይና ባለሥልጣናት በዓለም ዙሪያ የጄኔቲክ ሕጉን በሚጋሩበት የቻን ባለሥልጣናት በሰዓታት ውስጥ ክትባት ላይ ምርምር እየተካሄደ ነበር ፡፡ በኢቦላ ቫይረስ ሳቢያ ወረርሽኝ የዝግጅት ዝግጁነት ፈጠራዎች (ሲፒ) የክትባት ውጤትን ለማፋጠን የተቋቋመ ሲሆን ለሦስት የተለያዩ ክትባቶች ድጋፍ ይሰጣል ፡፡ ቢሆንም ፣ ይህ ቢያንስ ስድስት ወር ይወስዳል። እስከዚያው ድረስ ዋናው ተስፋ በበሽታው የተያዙ ግለሰቦችን ለይቶ በማወቅ እና በበሽታው የተያዙ ሰዎችን ሁሉ በማግኘት ሌሎችን ከመያዙ በፊት መለየት ነው ፡፡ የ 2002-2007 የ Sars ወረርሽኝ ያቆመው በዚህ ነበር ፡፡ ሆኖም ቻይና በ Wuhan ላይ ለብቻዋ ተገልላ እንድትቆይ ብትደረግም ይህ በሽታ አሁንም እየተስፋፋ ያለ ይመስላል ፣ ምናልባት የ 11 ሚሊዮን ህዝብ ከተማ በጣም የተገናኘች ስለሆነች ነው - የቻይና አራት ቁልፍ የባቡር ሐዲዶች መገኛ የሆነች እና ከዓለም አቀፍ አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ ጋር ፡፡

ቻይና ለእንደዚህ አይነቶች ቫይረሶች ለምን ተጋላጭ ናት?
በሕዝቡ ብዛት እና ብዛት እና እንዲሁም ቫይረሶችን በሚይዙ እንስሳት ላይ ስለሚኖራቸው ቅርበት። በዓለም ዙሪያ ከሚከሰቱት ተላላፊ በሽታዎች ቢያንስ 60% የሚሆኑት የዞንዮክቲክ ናቸው-በእንስሳት ከሰው ወደ ሰው የሚነጋገሩ ሲሆን የዚህ ስርጭቶች ብዛት በፍጥነት እየጨመረ ነበር ፡፡ የቻይና እርጥብ ገበያዎች ለእንደዚህ ዓይነቱ “የቫይራል ልውውጥ” ልዩ የበሰለ ዕድል ይሰጣሉ ፣ ግን የአለም አቀፉ ንድፍ አካል ነው ፡፡

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